How do alkaline batteries perform in extreme temperatures?

2025-08-21 16:54:52

High Temperature Environments

When temperatures exceed 40°C, the internal chemical reactions of alkaline batteries accelerate, leading to increased self-discharge and a rapid decrease in charge. If the temperature continues to rise, internal pressure in the battery may increase, potentially leading to thermal runaway. When temperatures exceed 50°C, the electrolyte inside the battery may decompose and produce gas, causing swelling, leakage, and even explosion.

Low Temperature Environments

Alkaline Battery performance also degrades in low temperatures. Specifically, below -20°C, the battery effectively ceases to discharge because the electrolyte freezes into ice, completely losing its conductivity. Even at -10°C to 0°C, the capacity of most batteries is significantly reduced, making economical discharge impossible. At temperatures between 0°C and +10°C, especially when discharging with high currents or continuously, capacity will significantly decrease.

To ensure optimal performance and lifespan of alkaline batteries, it is recommended to store them in a dry, cool environment, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. In addition, when using alkaline batteries, care should be taken to avoid exposing them to high or low temperature environments to avoid affecting their performance and safety.